BIOGAS UTILIZATION IN PALM OIL MILLS

• As at 2008, Malaysia has about 406 palm oil mills
• For every 1 ton palm oil effluent discharged, about 28 m3 of biogas is generated
• The biogas generated from all the 406 palm oil mills will be about 1.4 billion m3 annually
• This biogas comprises about 65% methane
• As methane is a greenhouse gas that is 21 times the global warming of carbon dioxide, the free emission of biogas to the atmosphere could bring detrimental effects to the environment

Source - MPOB

BATCH STERILIZATION vs CONTINUOUS STERILIZATION + NORMAL DILUTION

# Based on 100 tonnes FFB processed

• Sterilizer condensate - 20 ; 0
• Clarification sludge - 38 ; 43
• Dilution water - 18 ; 18
• Dilution ratio (water/diluted crude oil) - 0.31 ; 0.28
• Sterilizer condensate + clarification sludge - 58 ; 43

Source - PIPOC 2007

Air Force One

Nuclear Weapons Technology

PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT

• pH - 4.7


• Oil and Grease - 4,000


• Biochemical Oxygen Demand - 25,000


• Chemical Oxygen Demand - 50,000


• Total Solid - 40,500


• Suspended Solid - 18,000


• Total Volatile Solid - 34,000


• Ammoniacal Nitrogen - 35


• Total Nitrogen - 750


• Phosphorous - 18


• Potassium - 2,270


• Magnesium - 615


• Calcium - 439


• Boron - 7.6


• Iron - 46.5


• Manganese - 2.0


• Copper - 0.89


• Zinc - 2.3

All parameters in mg/l except pH.

Source - Ma & Ong (1985)

SCORPENE

SBR Monitoring Parameters

# SBR - Sequential Batch Reactor for Effluent Treatment Plant

INFFLUENT

• BOD : 50 - 200 mg/l
• COD : 1150 - 4500 mg/l
• SS : 500 - 1300 mg/l
• pH : 7 - 7.8

REACTOR

• MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid) : 1400 -3900 mg/l
• DO (Dissolved Oxygen) : 3 - 5 mg/l
• SVI (Ratio of Settle Sludge to Suspended Matter) : 30 - 80

EFFLUENT

• BOD : 20 mg/l
• COD : 60 - 100 mg/l
• SS : 100 - 600 mg/l
• pH : 7.5 - 8