UPGRADING TO ISO 9001 : 2008

• The ISO 9001 : 2000 standard has been revised
• The revised standard, ISO 9001 : 2008 was published on 15th. November 2008
• It is stated that any existing certification issued to ISO 9001 : 2000 shall not valid 24 months after the publication of the new standard i.e. 14th. November 2010

Source - Sirim QAS

BIOGAS UTILIZATION IN PALM OIL MILLS

• As at 2008, Malaysia has about 406 palm oil mills
• For every 1 ton palm oil effluent discharged, about 28 m3 of biogas is generated
• The biogas generated from all the 406 palm oil mills will be about 1.4 billion m3 annually
• This biogas comprises about 65% methane
• As methane is a greenhouse gas that is 21 times the global warming of carbon dioxide, the free emission of biogas to the atmosphere could bring detrimental effects to the environment

Source - MPOB

BATCH STERILIZATION vs CONTINUOUS STERILIZATION + NORMAL DILUTION

# Based on 100 tonnes FFB processed

• Sterilizer condensate - 20 ; 0
• Clarification sludge - 38 ; 43
• Dilution water - 18 ; 18
• Dilution ratio (water/diluted crude oil) - 0.31 ; 0.28
• Sterilizer condensate + clarification sludge - 58 ; 43

Source - PIPOC 2007

Air Force One

Nuclear Weapons Technology

PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT

• pH - 4.7


• Oil and Grease - 4,000


• Biochemical Oxygen Demand - 25,000


• Chemical Oxygen Demand - 50,000


• Total Solid - 40,500


• Suspended Solid - 18,000


• Total Volatile Solid - 34,000


• Ammoniacal Nitrogen - 35


• Total Nitrogen - 750


• Phosphorous - 18


• Potassium - 2,270


• Magnesium - 615


• Calcium - 439


• Boron - 7.6


• Iron - 46.5


• Manganese - 2.0


• Copper - 0.89


• Zinc - 2.3

All parameters in mg/l except pH.

Source - Ma & Ong (1985)

SCORPENE