SIZING OF THE DEPERICARP SYSTEM

You need to calculate the following ;

• the fibre volume
• the air required for transporting the fibre
• the separation velocity of the fibre and the nuts
• the separation column and the transport duct dimensions
• mass flow rate of air
• the selection of the fan with right volume flow rate and the choice of corresponding motor

NUTRIENT CONTENT OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES

• Nitrogen (N) - 0.44
• Phosphorous (P) - 0.144
• Potassium (K) - 2.24
• Magnesium (Mg) - 0.36
• Calcium (Ca) - 0.36

# Composition as a percentage to dry matter

RATE OF EMPTY BUNCH APPLICATION

• circle mulching of newly planted and immature palms - 15 to 25 t per ha per yr
• mature palms on coastal soil - 25 to 40 t per ha per yr
• mature palm on inland soils - 35 to 70 t per ha per yr

REVENUE MAXIMIZATION AND ZERO WASTE IN PALM OIL MILL

Heat Energy Content on Unwanted Waste

• Fuel / Ratio to FFB / Energy content to total energy produced
• Fibre / 15% / 44%
• Shell / 6% / 26%
• EFB / 23% / 30%

1. Fibre @ 38% moisture @ 4700kcal/kg on dry matter
2. Shell @ 15% moisture @ 4950kcal/kg on dry matter
3. EFB @ 68% moisture @ 4200kcal/kg on dry matter

POME Extraction of Biogas

• 300,000t/year FFB, produces 5,628,000m3 of biogas
• Equivalent to 10.1304 million kwh/year
• Equivalent to approx. 50,000t CER on methane captured
• Equivalent to approx. 6,000t CER on power connection to grid

Methane Capture from POME

• Biogas CH4 ; 60-70%
• CO2 ; 30-40%
• 1 tonne POME = 28 cu m Biogas
• 1 cu m Biogas = 2 kwh

Revenue from Unwanted Waste Based on 300,000t/year FFB

• Fuel / Amount / Unit price RM / Total RM
• Fibre / 45,000t / 40 per t / 1,800,000
• Shell / 18,000t / 80 per t / 1,440,000
• EFB / 69,000 / 10 per t / 690,000
• Biogas / 10,130 kwh / 0.21 / 2,026,000
• CER / 56,000t / 34 per t / 1,904,000
• Total - RM 7,860,000

Source - Revenue Maximization and Zero Waste in Palm Oil Mill / Bell Group of Companies / PIPOC 2007

EFFECT OF HIGH FFA CPO ON OIL REFINING

The advantages that can be accrued from refining of low FFA CPO are ;

• lower refining losses of oil
• lower usage of bleaching earth
• lower dosage of phosphoric acid
• higher throughput which mean lower down time

The relationship are ;

CPO FFA CONTENT : REFINING FACTOR

<>

3 to 4% : 2.1 X % FFA

4 to 5% : 2.2 X % FFA

> 5% : 2.3 X % FFA

FRUIT QUALITY & HANDLING

3 AREAS WILL AFFECT FFB QUALITY ;

1. FFB composition - oil/mesocarp ; foreign matters ; fruitlets/ffb ; mesocarp/fruitlets ; loose fruitlets
2. Estate - transport & handling ; harvesting
3. Oil mill operation - handling at reception

FFB COMPOSITION

The components of ffb composition and their associated causes affecting ffb quality is drawn as follows ;

1. Oil/Mesocarp - planting material ; palm age ; ripeness
2. Fruitlets/Bunch - palm age ; pollination ; planting material
3. Foreign matter - soil
4. Loose fruitlets - ripeness ; planting material
5. Mesocarp / Fruitlet - planting material ; ripeness ; pest ; palm age

FRUITLETS TO BUNCH

The ratio is affected by the following factors namely ;

1. Pollination
2. Planting material
3. Palm age

MESOCARP TO FRUITLET

The ratio is affected by the following factors namely ;

1. Planting material
2. Pest
3. Palm age
4. Ripeness

OIL TO MESOCARP

The ratio is affected by the following factors ;

1. Ripeness
2. Planting material
3. Palm age

QUALITY ANALYSIS ON POOR QUALITY LOOSE FRUITS

1. FFA increases at the rate of 1 to 1.2% per day
2. Bleachability deteriorated by 6 folds after 10 days but thereafter doubled for each increment of 10 days
3. Oxidation values deteriorated sharply after 10 days but deterioration showed down thereafter
4. Both tocopherol (anti-oxidant) and carotene declined to low levels

IN SUMMARY ;

The quality of ffb in terms of oil and kernel extraction rates and oil quality can be affected by ;

1. The ffb input composition
2. System of ffb transport and reception used in estate and mill respectively
3. Deviation from the set harvesting standard

farewell dinner for tuan hussin jalil (senior general manager - BEA)

good luck to tuan hussin jalil from management & staffs of rimba nilai mill